卡默勒现象意识的幻觉主义分析

卡默勒的幻觉主义理论是现象意识分析中一种不同的声音。其幻觉主义理论认为:现象意识是一个幻觉；可基于相似性理论来解释现象意识的机制，指出现象意识就是外部物理性质经模块处理的结果，其处理过程遵循表象原则、接受喜好原则、配置原则和个例化原则；现象意识的幻觉元是解释现象意识为何强烈的问题。幻觉主义理论为现象意识的分析提供了一个新的思路，但也存在着如特殊心理模块等的理论缺陷。     

世界一流科技社团发展现状国际比较——基于实践动态的视角

 以世界一流科技社团2019年9月-2020年6月的新闻数据，分析总结了世界一流科技社团的实践动态及发展规律。研究发现：（1）国内科技社团强调党建引领，制度优势体现出强大的凝聚力；（2）国外科技社团更加善于聚合公共资源，并将产生的新知识转化为可供应用的产品和服务，推进科技与经济、创新链与产业链的融合；（3）国外科技社团善于通过多种形式发声，充分发挥决策者智库咨询的作用；（4）全球科技治理的实质性活动由国际化大型科技社团主导。中国科技社团需要重视决策咨询智库建设、为政府重大决策制定提供技术支撑；完善学术交流平台、创造有利于科技工作者的良好生态；为科技经济融合贡献智慧，推动互惠共享的国际科技交流合作。     

山西锦生润票号衰败考论

锦生润票号诞生在光绪二十九年,恰逢山西票号鼎盛时代,然而,也是山西票号"危机四伏"、衰败初露端倪的时期.锦生润票号于民国六年冬月主动"收歇",自有特别的"个案"的原因:锦生润不是完全意义上的山西票号,与经营了百年之久的其它票号不能简单地相提并论,仅仅是晚清山西商人开设"账局"的发展和延续,或者是"账局"与专业化汇兑的"票号"的有机结合的"蓝本",属于一种新类型的票号.锦生润票号的衰败及其原因,也是票号发展历史阶段的一个极其重要的组成部分.     

考虑保障装备可用度的舰载机作业调度优化

为了在保证较高水平的保障可用度前提下提高舰载机出动效率, 提出一种支持可用度约束的统计优化模型及其对应的启发式求解算法。能够同时生成舰载机的保障作业调度方案和保障装备计划性维护的时间安排, 并通过基于仿真的优化方式, 在启发算法的适应度评价中增加对视情维修和事后维修的仿真, 提高了舰载机作业调度方案的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明，所提算法能够提供一个稳定可靠的基准调度方案, 避免不必要的重调度。     

Multifunctional artificial nacre via biomimetic matrix-directed mineralization

Natural nacre, one of the most studied biological structural materials with delicate hierarchical structures and extraordinary performance, has inspired the design and fabrication of artificial structural ceramics with high fracture toughness. However, to meet the diverse requirements of different applications, future structural materials must be multifunctional with superior mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, and toughness. Herein, based on the matrix-directed mineralization method for producing biomimetic structural materials, we introduce nanoparticles with different inherent functions into the platelets of artificial nacre via the co-mineralization of aragonite and the nanoparticles. Besides their enhanced mechanical properties, the obtained artificial nacre materials also exhibit different functions depending on the type of the nanoparticles. To extend the versatility of this strategy, the effects of nanoparticles of different sizes and zeta potentials on mineralization are also analyzed. This universal strategy can be applied to the fabrication of other types of functionalized biomimetic structural ceramics that have potential applications in various fields, such as biomedical science.     

Comparison of Travel Mode Choice Between Taxi and Subway Regarding Traveling Convenience

In this study, we investigate travel mode choice behavior between taxi and subway with an emphasis on the influence of traveling convenience. In the first stage, we examine the Origin-Destination(OD) points of Beijing taxi trips and compare these locations with the respective nearest subway station. Statistics reveal several interesting conclusions. First, for approximately 24.89% of all trips, no convenient subway connections exist between the OD pairs. As such, a taxi becomes the only viable choice. Second, for 80.23% of the remaining 75.11%of trips(equivalent to 60.26% of all trips), access distance from either the origin or the destination to the nearest subway station is greater than 500 meters. This phenomenon indicates that walking distance plays an important role in travel mode choice. In the second stage, we examine groups of taxi trips with similar travel distances and travel times to reveal common features. We establish a preference rule in terms of travel distance and travel time.This determines whether an individual driver will take a taxi or the subway, using a pairwise comparison-based preference regression model. Tests indicate that more than 95% of taxi trips can be correctly predicted by this preference rule. This conclusion reveals that traveling convenience dominates the travel model choice between taxi and subway. All these findings shed light on the factors that influence travel mode choice behavior.     

随机和认知混合不确定系统的全局灵敏度分析方法

为计算具有随机不确定性和认知不确定性的混合不确定系统灵敏度,提出一种基于证据理论和条件概率理论的全局灵敏度分析方法.用证据理论对认知不确定性变量进行表征,并提出两种基于证据理论的随机采样方法,包括一次随机抽样法和二次随机抽样法.运用条件概率理论,提出存在认知不确定性条件下混合不确定系统的Sobol'全局灵敏度指标,经过理论推导给出一阶灵敏度及总灵敏度的计算公式,并设置单循环的拟蒙特卡罗方法实现灵敏度的近似数值计算.开发了灵敏度分析程序,并给出了典型应用实例.实例表明,新方法的分析结果正确,计算工作量可控.     

A Novel Routing Method for Social Delay-Tolerant Networks

The lack of continuous connectivity and a complete path from source to destination makes node communication quite difficult in Delay-Tolerant Networks(DTNs). Most studies focus on routing problems in idealized network environments without considering social properties. Communication devices are carried by individuals in many DTNs; therefore, DTNs are unique social networks to some extent. To design efficient routing protocols for DTNs, it is important to analyze their social properties. In this paper, a more accurate and comprehensive metric for detecting the quality of the relationships between nodes is proposed, by considering the contact time, contact frequency, and contact regularity. An overlapping hierarchical community detection method is designed based on this new metric, and a tree structure is built. Furthermore, we exploit the overlapping community structure and the tree structure to provide message-forwarding paths from the source node to the destination node.The simulation results show that our Routing method based on Overlapping hierarchical Community Detection(ROCD) achieves better delivery rate than SimBet and Bubble Rap, the classic routing protocols, without affecting the average delay.     

某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米中铅污染评价及同位素溯源研究

为探究铅在土壤-玉米-大气中的迁移转化行为,以某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米为研究对象,采集距排烟口50 m、110 m、300 m、500 m、700 m、900 m和3 000 m处的土壤和玉米样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分别测定土壤、玉米和大气样品的铅含量和同位素比值。结果表明:电解铅厂周边的玉米均受到铅的污染,玉米根中的铅主要来自土壤,籽粒中的铅很有可能大部分来自大气,少部分来自土壤,茎中的铅很可能来自土壤而不是叶面传输;籽粒中的铅与叶片中的铅具有显著的相关关系(P0.01),相关方程为y=-0.0002x~2+0.0461x-0.4643,R=0.966 7。